If you’re a healthy person without any circulatory issues, blood flows to and from your extremities, like your legs and feet, without any problems. But in some people, the arteries begin to narrow, ...

Assessing CVD risk with ankle-brachial index The American Heart Association issues guidance for assessing CVD risk using ABI. As one of the least expensive and most available markers of ...

Last week, I discussed a condition that causes pain in the lower legs when walking. It’s called intermittent claudication and it can warn of a serious circulatory problem caused by atherosclerosis ...

A recent study found that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) had a poor prognosis based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), ankle-brachial index (ABI), and high systolic blood pressure in a ...

I had an interesting conversation recently regarding leg pain. A friend confided that her husband has been complaining about leg pain in his calf muscles when he has to walk any distance. At first, ...