How does the cell convert DNA into working proteins? The process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA. But ...

In the early 1980s, David Gilmour, now an emeritus biochemistry and molecular biology professor at Pennsylvania State University, joined the laboratory of geneticist and biochemist John Lis as a ...

RNA Polymerase (shown in blue) moves across a template strand of DNA (shown in purple) and transcribes it into RNA (shown in red). But DNA damage blocks the RNA polymerase, causing it to stall and ...

Genes contain instructions for making proteins, and a central dogma of biology is that this information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins. But only two percent of the human genome actually encodes ...

Proteins are essential biological molecules that perform a vast array of functions crucial for life, from catalyzing biochemical reactions and transporting molecules to providing structural support ...

Google DeepMind has expanded its AlphaFold AI system to not only predict the structure of proteins, but also to model how proteins interact with other cell structures, including DNA, RNA, and small ...

A forested hill and clouds are in the background of an image of a shallow pool of steaming water, with the ground underneath colored in shades of beige, red, and brown. Life may have first emerged in ...