In the process of basic oxygen furnace steelmaking, the high-velocity jet impacts the molten metal pool, resulting in the generation of splashing metal droplets with varying particle sizes. The ...

Decarburization is a surface degradation phenomenon in the forging and heat treating of steels. Decarburization may be described as a metallurgical process in which the surface of steel is depleted of ...

Recycling iron and steel is critical for environmental sustainability and essential to close material loops in circular economics. A major challenge is to produce high-value products and to control ...

In 2017, worldwide crude steel production was up by 5.3 % year on year, reaching a total of 1691 million tonnes. 1 Much of this steel was produced using primary processes like electric arc furnaces ...