Optical communication is a critical part of the global communication infrastructure, meeting the growing data demand 1,2,3,4,5. While space-division multiplexing (SDM) technology utilizes orthogonal ...
We investigate continuous-wave (CW) and mode-locked (ML) operation of bismuth-doped fiber (BDF) lasers at 1.7 μm. We compare the slope efficiency (SE) of the Figure-of-9 (Fo9) and linear cavity ...