Statistical analyses of empirical mutualistic networks indicate that a hierarchical nested structure is prevalent and is characterized by nestedness values that are consistently higher than those ...

Mutualistic interactions—beneficial exchanges between species—are fundamental to ecosystem structure, function and resilience. From pollination and seed dispersal to microbial nutrient exchange, ...

Webs of mutualistic species often expand as new species are introduced. Here a female Anna’s hummingbird visits a Mexican bush sage in a California garden. (Photo by John Thompson) Coevolution, which ...

Advanced sensors, artificial intelligence (AI), digital twins and extended realities (XR), and robotics will change technology-driven markets substantially, establishing novel applications and alter ...

Scientists discovered that swollen-thorn acacias invested more in ant rewards during a drought, suggesting that mutualistic interactions play a crucial role in the plant’s survival, even during ...

In nature, species will sometimes form unexpectedly close bonds and work to their mutual benefit. Symbiotic relationships are the close associations formed between pairs of species. They come in a ...

A new North Carolina State University study finds that climate change could be destabilizing the mutualistic relationships between insects and plants. The findings could portend the future fracturing ...

Networks of interactions among species are becoming increasingly similar across ecosystems, according to a global analysis. Data collected over the last 75 years show the accelerating pace that ...

In one of the most significant synergies in technology set for the forthcoming years, advanced sensors, artificial intelligence (AI), digital twins, extended reality (XR) and robotics are projected to ...

Coevolution, which occurs when species interact and adapt to each other, is often studied in the context of pair-wise interactions between mutually beneficial symbiotic partners. But many species have ...