Russell has a PhD in the history of medicine, violence, and colonialism. His research has explored topics including ethics, science governance, and medical involvement in violent contexts. Russell has ...

A small Roman glass bottle discovered in western Turkey has provided the first direct chemical proof that ancient physicians used human feces as a medicinal ingredient. The vial, dating back about ...

Researchers recently unveiled proof that Romans used a surprising ingredient in their medical treatments — and it's far from sanitary. The research focuses on a vessel that was unearthed in Pergamon, ...

A surprising discovery by Turkish researchers has revealed that ancient Romans may have used human faeces for medicinal purposes. A 1,900-year-old Roman vial, found in western Turkey, provides what ...

A new chemical analysis revealed evidence that ancient Roman physicians used human feces in medical practices, after researchers analyzed residue inside a 1,900-year-old Roman glass vial, confirming ...

A new study found dark-brown flakes inside a Roman glass medicinal vial, providing the first direct evidence that excrement was used for illness. Between the 2nd and 3rd centuries, Pergamon, Turkey, ...

A 1,900-year-old Roman vial has revealed a surprising medical practice: the use of human faeces. Dark brown flakes discovered inside the vessel, known as an unguentarium, have been identified as human ...

Two thousand years ago, a Roman merchant ship containing medicinal supplies sank off the coast of the Tuscany region of modern-day Italy. Among the treasures that have been recovered are six pill-like ...

Excrement may not strike us as something doctors should use to treat patients. In fact, most people today would view feces with revulsion – but this was not always the case. In fact, there are many ...