As we’ve traced our no-nonsense path through the world of Hi-Fi audio, we’ve started with the listener, understood the limitations of the human ear, and thence proceeded to the loudspeaker. We’ve ...

If you follow audiophile reviewers, you’ll know that their stock-in trade is a very fancy way of saying absolutely nothing of quantifiable substance about the subject while sounding knowledgeable ...

A critical measure for all audio components is distortion, typically specified as total harmonic distortion (THD) or total harmonic distortion + noise (THD+N). THD is defined as: ... THD+N is the rms ...

From earlier work in this series, distortion from the small-signal stages may be kept to levels that will prove negligible compared with distortion from a closed-loop output stage. Similarly, future ...

The author is technical publications manager and a senior technical writer at Audio Precision in Beaverton, Ore. When reduced to its basics, the process of audio test and measurement is concerned with ...

As consumers increasingly use their mobile phones to listen to their music collections, the demand for high-end audio quality increases. For many mobile phone audio engineers this means the adoption ...

There’s another dimension to the THD versus linearity problem as well. This plot represents the linearity error for every code for an 18-bit precision ADC. Using ...