Heart sounds are produced from a specific cardiac event such as closure of a valve or tensing of a chordae tendineae. Many pathologic cardiac conditions can be diagnosed by auscultation of the heart ...

IT IS possible that the existence of the heart sounds was known to Hippocrates 1 and even that he made use of his knowledge for diagnostic purposes, but William Harvey 2 seems to have been the first ...

The fourth heart sound (S4), also known as the “atrial gallop,” occurs just before S1 when the atria contract to force blood into the left ventricle. If the left ventricle is noncompliant, and atrial ...